Free Content - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 580 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2018/12/18 Category Sociology Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: Information Essay Poverty Essay Social Issues Essay Did you like this example? Free content has for long been a source of information in many parts of the world. Also, it has paved way for people who need to articulate a particular message through their individual works. Free content covers all aspects in the public domain which are not limited to the licensed works. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Free Content" essay for you Create order Art is one of the sectors that has been greatly used globally in a bid to pass a message across various platforms. Through art, artists are able to capture some of the challenges that the society faces and are unknown by most individuals. One of these artists is Pablo Picasso whose works of art are of significant meaning to date. Pablo Picasso, can be described as one of the most prolific artists of the 20th century especially due to his affiliation to the art movements over this period. His artistic creations as well as a distinct style set him apart from his competitors at his time. Art was his way of articulating some of the challenges that the society faces. One of this period is the blue period which was between 1901-1904 which involved a degree of poverty both for Picasso and the society (Llorente, Maria, Francisco, and Marsden 12). Poverty has been and still is one of the factors that greatly affects any community. When communities languish in poverty, growth and developmen t are some of the things that are unheard of. Poverty diminishes the livelihood of people and as a means to make this menace known, many other artists have opted to art aimed at passing the message of eradicating poverty. Art as a form of free content can be stored and used as a form of reference when coming up with ways of getting rid of poverty (Raphael 10). Some of the paintings and works of art include prostitution, malnutrition. Free content via art is the best way to pass across the issue of prostitution especially since it is one of the societal option of finding the way out. Prostitution has been around since time immemorial and many of those who opt to engage in prostitution do so unwillingly. Circumstances force them to engage in this act as a way of providing for themselves and their families. As Picasso did, through art, it was the best way to address this issue as a societal option of finding a way out. Free content as it is, assists in giving a platform for such issues to be addressed. Works of art pass a significant message to those who may or may not have an artistic eye. Looking at a piece of art can communicate a lot especially if one can connect with the context of the issue being addressed (Nichols 2). In conclusion, free content has greatly assisted in addressing issues in the contemporary world, especially where the affected parties have no voice to do so. Artists have found a platform through which they can address these issues which connect people globally. Free content is easy to access which makes it easy to spread the message or theme. Therefore, connections are created which lead to crafting of solutions to the problem. Works Cited Llorente, Maria, Francisco C. Parra, and Marsden McGuire. Productive Aging and Creativity: The Lives and Art of Georgia Okeefe, Pablo Picasso and Claude Monet.? The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry? 25.3 (2017): S6. Nichols, Tom.? The art of poverty: irony and ideal in sixteenth-century beggar imagery. Manchester University Press, 2007. Raphael, Jody.? Listening to Olivia: Violence, poverty, and prostitution. Northeastern University Press, 2015.

Hamlet And Gertrude Relationship - 1204 Words

Hamlet by William Shakespeare concentrates on the main character of the title to plot revenge against Claudius for murdering his father to get the Danish crown. Claudius is the new king and he is Hamlet’s uncle, but also stepfather due to him marrying with his mother, Gertrude. Throughout an order of events, Hamlet eventually avenges his father, even though his mother and he fall to the tragic fate too. Throughout the play, Hamlet and Gertrude’s relationship changes from distrusting to aggravation to a loving ending. Hamlet and Gertrude’s relationship is distrusting at first. From the starting point of the play to act 3, Hamlet is wariness towards his mother. He feels this way because it’s been less than 2 months since his father passed†¦show more content†¦He doesn t know if he can trust her anymore because she married another person that isn t their father and married rather quickly. It happens to be his uncle and now he is his stepfather. It s a lot to take in and Hamlet is voicing it through the best way he can by expressing his emotions to his mother. Next, Hamlet and Gertrude s relationship progresses to aggravation. Hamlet feels angered and hatred towards his mother. For example, The Queen, Gertrude says to Hamlet, Have you forgot me? (III.4.14). And Hamlet response with, No, by the rood, not so: / You are the Queen, your husband s brother s wife, / And-would it were not so!-you are my mother (III.4.15-17). So basically, Gertrude asked Hamlet if he has forgotten who she is, and Hamlet answered with no that he knows who she is. That she is the queen and that she is your husband s brother s wife and that she is his mother. But that he wishes that she wasn t his mother. For instance, Hamlet lectured his mother, Come, come, and sit you down; you shall not budge. / You go not till I set you up a glass / Where you may see the inmost part of you(III.4.19-21). Essentially, Hamlet is telling Gertrude to stop denying what s she s done and what she s become. The inmost part of her is ugly and dying, and she wants her to see it. In the quote, Gertrude says, Oh, speak to me no more! / These words like daggers enter in my ears. / No more, sweetShow MoreRelatedHamlet And Gertrude s Relationship1267 Words   |  6 PagesHamlet and Gertrude’s Relationship in Hamlet In many of William Shakespeare’s tragedies, Shakespeare writes about the relationships maintained between his characters. Of these relationships, Shakespeare examines the connection between family members, particularly the relationship between parents and child. In Shakespeare’s tragedy â€Å"Hamlet†, Shakespeare writes about the relationship between Hamlet and his mother, Queen Gertrude, to drive the plot forward.. Throughout much of the play, their relationshipRead MoreThe Troubled Relationship Between Gertrude and Hamlet1700 Words   |  7 Pages The Troubled Relationship Between Gertrude and Hamlet In Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Claudius murders his brother, the King of Denmark, and subsequently usurps the Danish throne. Shattering the purity of the royal family, he allures Queen Gertrude into an incestuous wedding so hastily that â€Å"The funeral baked meats / Did coldly furnish forth the marriage tables† (I.ii.180-1). Lost in this sullied household is Prince Hamlet, shrouded in the black of mourning, who condemns his mother’s quick, lustfulRead MoreOedipus Relationship Between Hamlet and Gertrude1224 Words   |  5 PagesThe Oedipal Relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude Throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Shakespeare portrays Hamlet with the same types of behaviors and frustrations in humans that Sigmund Freud saw at a much later date. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. Sigmund Freud first wrote about his theory in his book An Interpretation of Dreams in 1899. Simply put, Freud states that it is normal for children to have sexualRead MoreThe Oedipal Relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude Essay851 Words   |  4 Pages Throughout William Shakespeares Hamlet, Shakespeare portrays Hamlet with the same types of behaviors and frustrations in humans that Sigmund Freud saw at a much later date. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. The oedipal complex is a theory created by Freud that states that The child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes.(51) Because of this desire to be withRead More The Relationship Between Gertrude and Shakespeares Hamlet Essay502 Words   |  3 PagesO most pernicious woman (1.2.105)!   This proclamation by Hamlet foretells of his ultimate surmise.   Hamlet throughout Shakespeares work is a strong character.   It seems that he has the upper hand in every situation.   This statement however, is a reflection of weakness.   His destruction stems from the inability to accept Claudius as father.   More importantly though, his mothers rush to remarry has caused more of inflated persona in Hamlet.   His inability to interact with the people around him makesRead MoreThe Oedipus Complex ( Oedipus )1666 Words   |  7 Pagestruth of every relationship, even between those who love each other, like fathers and sons and daughters, or husbands and wives, is that the love is always unequal†. When a child is little, everything their parents do is seen as perfect, a parent can do no wrong. As a child grows older, they start to see that their parents are in fact flawed and this can cause an inward conflict for the child. Psychology has done a lot of research about family relationships, especially the relationship between a motherRead MoreHamlet ´s Treatment of Ophelia and Gertrude Essay1680 Words   |  7 Pagesforever. Hamlets relationship with Gertrude and Ophelia is quick to fall apart after he learns key information about his parentage. Both Gertrude and Ophelia provide him with love but are absent at a time when he needs it most; during the reign of his madness. Hamlets madness is partly evident due to his poor relationship with Gertrude and Ophelia, since they falsely love him then reject him by moving on with their lives. Both females have heavily contributed to the misogyny Hamlet develops. OpheliaRead MoreInterpretation of Conflict within Hamlet1684 Words   |  7 Pages Within Act 3, Scene 4 of Hamlet, Shakespeare provides little direction by which the scene should be interpreted, but the play, taken in its entirety, proposes a certain way in which Hamlet and Gertrude express their emotions. This has led to distinctive cinematic interpretations of this scene, all in which portray the storyline in a unique way. Kenneth Branagh’s version of the closet scene provides a more realistic portrayal of the conflict between Hamlet and Gertrude than the Gregory Dovan andRead MoreHamlet Tragedy Of The Mother And Son1137 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet-Tragedy of the Mother and Son William Shakespeare is a writer of tragedies—the tragedies within common everyday relationships. Of these various relationships, Shakespeare reveals his interest in the relationship between the mother and son within Hamlet. The mother: Queen Gertrude, and the son: Prince Hamlet is unique within the play because Hamlet’s relationship with his mother is rare in the sense that Gertrude is one of two women within Hamlet. And like the other woman, Gertrude is submergedRead MoreClaudius Character Analysis858 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote Hamlet, one of the most popular plays ever written. Claudius causes a war between passion and responsibility when he murders the father of Hamlet, the main character, and then marries Hamlets mother Gertrude. Claudius killed Hamlets father and then married Gertrude only so he could take the crown and become King. Claudius put passion in front of his responsibilities as Hamlets uncle and as a result of Claudius’ acti ons, Hamlet is forced to find revenge on him for the

Cinderella Syndrome Essay Example For Students

Cinderella Syndrome Essay Cinderella SyndromeI think the time has come for someone to write Cinderella: The Sequel.How did we get here? In 1697, French writer Charles Perrault updated an age-old fairy tale about a young woman named Cinderella to appeal to his contemporaries, French nobility and bourgeoisie. So many of the early versions of the tale boasted a very resourceful young woman who played an active role in her destiny. Perrault, however wrote his Cinderella as a well-mannered, docile, selfless women who would fit seamlessly with the ideal 17th century upper-class society. Historically, fairy tales have reflected the values of society in which they were written or revised mirroring its preoccupations, obsessions, ambitions, and shortcomings. What do these updates say about our cultures view of women and marriage? It was this version that Walt Disney made famous in the 1950s and to which feminists strongly reacted to in the 1960s and 1970s and ultimately co-opting the story to their own needs. What do these updates say about our cultures view of women and marriage?In her famous poem, Cinderella, Ann Sexton mocks the happily ever after. Cinderella and the prince lived, they say, happily ever after, like two dolls in a museum case that was never bothered by diapers or dust.Todays teenage girls have been brought up by women who read Sexton and her peers and who have taught their daughters that they can want it all, marriage, career, family. But can they have it all? I feel that this demonstrates, women still walk the tightrope between society competing expectations. Can a woman maintain her own identity while falling for her prince?As I imagine it, wed joined by Cinderella and the Handsome Prince shortly after they returned from their honeymoon. We would see them discover how different their tastes and priorities were when they go shopping to furnish the palace. We would see them run up bills and debts by trying to do much too fast, and theyd fight about whose fault their extravagan ces had been. Common sense and love would prevail. Theyd get on a budget and the storm would pass. A couple of years into the marriage, the Handsome Prince would get involved with a merger and acquisitions of the neighboring county, and hed be gone a lot on business trips. The stress and loneliness of long separations would lead to disagreements, but again love would prevail. Then a child would be born to Cinderella and the Prince meaning more stress. The child would be diagnosed with a learning disability and Cinderella and the Prince would each wonder whether the cause might have been the others having parties too hard in their younger days. Their feelings of guilt and blame would generate into quarrels. A second child would be born. More changes and more stress. Cinderellas mother in-law would sometimes interfere and criticize their parenting. Bickering would continue and get worse. Then Cinderella and the Handsome Prince would go to a marriage counselor. They tried to learn to appreciate each others different points of view. They also, tried to learn how to cope with change and stress. The moral of the story would be that in order to live happily ever after, Cinderella and the Prince made drastic mistake to view romance and love being interchangeable words. My first and most shocking discovery was that romance deals in fantasy rather than reality. Romance depends on the setting the weather, your moods and expectations, it depends on _______except commitment. Love, on the other hand depends on nothing but commitment! When you _______ the fact that we live in a world that is always changing, it is easy to see how romance cannot meet the demands of real life. Romance is a weak substitute for love. You can see this by the countless number of broken and bitter hearts, not to mention the soaring divorce rate. .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b , .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .postImageUrl , .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b , .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b:hover , .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b:visited , .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b:active { border:0!important; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b:active , .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4553b0b1305752981c972543f6617b9b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Virgin Active Strategy EssayLikewise, the women of Sex and the City were celebrated for being smart, accomplished, and independent, yet they still longed to be swept away by their Prince. But neither of these women quite figures out to navigate the conflict, making them apt reflection of our societys own bewilderment. But well get there eventually. Twenty years from now, there will surely be a new

The Great Sheep Debate Essay Example For Students

The Great Sheep Debate Essay The Great Sheep DebateMy high school was relatively small. To put it into perspective, I graduated with eighty-six people. In my class there were the usual cliques. There were the smart kids, the athletes, the cheerleaders, the drug users, and the slackers. But somehow I didnt fit into all of this. I wasnt, and still am not, the smartest person in the history of the world. Im way too clumsy to play any sports. I wasnt the right size to be a cheerleader. I wouldnt even consider using drugs, and I certainly am not a slacker. I was just Nikki the girl that no one liked. I just wasnt like them. I dressed differently, and had my own opinion, and that just didnt fly with them. We will write a custom essay on The Great Sheep Debate specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Day in and day out, I saw the struggle. It happened most with the incoming freshman every year. I saw people almost killing themselves with dieting so they could fit the cheerleader mold. I saw some of the most intelligent people not apply themselves, just because its not cool to be smart. I really think that is sad. These people could really have made something of themselves, but instead they chose being cool over having a future. I was teased and mocked for attempting to be an individual. Even one of my teachers told me one day that I only dressed differently so I could get attention. Her saying that really made me think. Is it really so bad to not want to be a conformist sheep? Has the world really come to either being alike or being miserable? I hope not. Ill admit to sometimes wishing I could be like them. But I know that I wouldnt be here now if I had been. As Doris Lessing said, It is the hardest thing in the world to maintain an individual dissident opinion, as a member of a group (334). She also said, the hardest thing in the world is to stand out against ones group of peers (334). I dont exactly find this to be true. High school wasnt exactly the easiest time for me, but I got by. I would have rather gone through it without friends, than to have changed whom I was just to belong. I was relatively happy just being myself. I liked wearing clothes that had color, and I liked for people to notice me. People who change to fit into a mold arent happy as themselves. I think conforming to fit in is on of the worst things a person can do. Im not saying that everyone should have blue hair, but they should at least attempt to have an opinion of their own. Even if youre just speaking up when deciding on a movie that your friends are choosing that you dont want to see. Anywhere is a good place to start. Lessings argument does make some sense. She stated that people look for people like themselves (333-335). That is true; we all have the need to belong to a group that shares our beliefs, whether that is our peer group, or a group we join. I do not, however, think you should change your beliefs to fit into a group. You should let the group come to you, not you to the group. It is true that people respect the rules and regulations of society, and that, in and of itself is conforming to a certain extent. There is, however a difference between following the rules to do what you think is right, and conforming just to go along with the group. For example, if I were to take a class in bird watching, I would do it because I enjoy bird watching, not because my roommate does. A person should do what they feel is right, not what their neighbor does. .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 , .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .postImageUrl , .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 , .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1:hover , .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1:visited , .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1:active { border:0!important; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1:active , .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1 .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubc96de893d05114c20b6880f4df446e1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gatsbys Corruptive Nature EssayPhilip Zimbardos The Stanford Prison Experiment was an experiment to see how far a person would go into an act if given a role. Twenty-one volunteers, all college age males, were divided into two groups, the guards and the prisoners. The guards got really mean, and the prisoners took on more of a submissive role. They conformed to what the media portrays as appropriate behavior of guards and prisoners.They had to end the experiment early because the prisoners rioted (363-375). The guards were telling them how to act, that had gotten to them, and they couldnt take it anymore: They the prisoners didnt see it as an experiment. It was real and th ey were fighting to keep their identity (374). The subjects wrote in diaries from the beginning to the end of the experiment. Excerpts of one guards diary are included in Zimbardos article. Prior to the experiment he said that he is a nonaggressive individual (373). As the experiment went on, he began yelling and being very violent with the prisoners:I decided to force-feed him, but he wouldnt eat. I let the food slide down his face. I didnt believe it was me doing it. I hated myself for making him eat but I hated him more for not eating (373-374). He was not happy with the way he acted. He said that he was elated at the end of the experiment. He had conformed, and wasnt happy with the out come. Who really is though? When we conform, we arent making ourselves happy we are only making the group happy.Im sure that if in high school I would have changed myself enough, I could have had friends and something to do on the weekend, but Im also sure that I couldnt have lived with myself knowing that I was not being me. I value the relati onship that I had with my mother, and I know if I had been like them, I wouldnt have been able to have that relationship with her. I had a lot of weekends open for just spending time with my mom, and contrary to popular belief, moms are pretty cool. Now that she has passed on, I wouldnt have traded that time for anything in the world, including friends. I also feel that if I had conformed, I would not have stopped with just changing clothes or opinions. I may have fallen in with the wrong group and ended up getting involved in drinking or maybe even something worse. Having a group mind is a never-ending spiral of not doing what you believe is right. Im glad to have my own opinion and really wish more people would acknowledge that they too have the potential to be great. We have all been given the opportunity to be individuals. Whether or not we take the opportunity and go with it is up to us. The majority of us, sadly, tend to not take it. It all goes back to fitting in, being part of the in crowd. We as a society need to find happiness in our own lives, not siphon it from someone elses. However, until more of us realize that, the odds are for the sheep. Works CitedLessing, Doris. Group Minds. Writing and Reading Across the Curriculum.7th edition. Ed Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. New York: Longman, 1999. 333-335. Zimbardo, Philip K. The Stanford Prison Experiment. . Writing and Reading Acrossthe Curriculum.7th edition. Ed Laurence Behrens and Leonard J. Rosen. New York: Longman, 1999.363-375.

Crip History

Crip History Crip is an alliance of individual street organizations known as sets. The Crip alliance originated in Los Angeles, California. Each Crip set is it's own individual gang and are known to have sub-clicks, blocks, or lines (line-ups) which are like smaller individual sets within the set. Gang members in gangs under the Crip allaince are known as Locs and all Crips call each other "cuz" (short for cousin) to signify that they see each other as family. The gangs under the Crip Alliance are mainly identified by the color blue which is worn proudly by all Crip members as a primary color. Each Crip set has significant differences such as hand signs, use of secondary colors, and customs. The Crip alliance has significantly branched out of California and has spread throughout the majority of the United States.A 15 year old Fremont High School student named Raymond Washington started a gang called the Baby Avenues in 1969 in an attempt to be like the older gangs and copy the political activitie s carried out by other organizations such as the Black Panthers.Tattooed Crip.The gang named itself the Avenue Cribs eventually and took on the nickname Cribs because most members were very young back then. The name Crips was first brought up in L.A. a Los Angeles newspaper in a artical about young Cribs with canes, as if they were crippled. A lot of people believe the name came to existance because of a spelling error. Either way, The name stuck and the Crips alliance was formed.Stanley Tookie Williams is one of the co-founders of the Crips. He started his own gang called the Westside Crips. The Crips were very well known throughout southern L.A. as more and more people began to join. The Crips eventually became the biggest and...

The History of Erie Canal

The History of Erie Canal During the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the new nation known as the United States of America began to develop plans to improve transportation into the interior and beyond the great physical barrier of the Appalachian Mountains. A major goal was to link Lake Erie and the other Great Lakes with the Atlantic Coast through a canal. The Erie Canal, completed on October 25, 1825 improved transportation and helped populate the interior of the U.S. The Route Many surveys and proposals were developed to build a canal but it was ultimately a survey performed in 1816 that established the route of the Erie Canal. The Erie Canal would connect to the port of New York City by beginning at the Hudson river near Troy, New York. The Hudson River flows into New York Bay and past the west side of Manhattan in New York City. From Troy, the canal would flow to Rome (New York) and then through Syracuse and Rochester to Buffalo, located on the northeast coast of Lake Erie. Funding Once the route and plans for the Erie Canal were established, it was time to obtain funds. The United States Congress easily approved a bill to provide funding for what was then known as the Great Western Canal, but President James Monroe found the idea unconstitutional and vetoed it. Therefore, the New York State legislature took the matter into its own hands and approved state funding for the canal in 1816, with tolls to pay back the state treasury for upon completion. New York City Mayor DeWitt Clinton was a major proponent of a canal and supported efforts for its construction. In 1817 he fortuitously become governor of the state and was able to thus oversee aspects of the canal construction, which later became known as Clintons Ditch by some. Construction Begins On July 4, 1817, construction of the Erie Canal began in Rome, New York. The first segment of the canal would proceed east from Rome to the Hudson River. Many canal contractors were simply wealthy farmers along the canal route, contracted to construct their own tiny portion of the canal. Thousands of British, German, and Irish immigrants provided the muscle for the Erie Canal, which had to be dug with shovels and horse power - without the use of todays heavy earth moving equipment. The 80 cents to one dollar a day that laborers were paid was often three times the amount laborers could earn in their home countries. The Erie Canal Is Completed On October 25, 1825, the entire length of the Erie Canal was complete. The canal consisted of 85 locks to manage a 500 foot (150 meter) rise in elevation from the Hudson River to Buffalo. The canal was 363 miles (584 kilometers) long, 40 feet (12 m) wide, and 4 feet deep (1.2 m). Overhead aqueducts were used to allow streams to cross the canal. Reduced Shipping Costs The Erie Canal cost $7 million dollars to build but reduced shipping costs significantly. Before the canal, the cost to ship one ton of goods from Buffalo to New York City cost $100. After the canal, the same ton could be shipped for a mere $10. The ease of trade prompted migration and the development of farms throughout the Great Lakes and Upper Midwest. Farm fresh produce could be shipped to the growing metropolitan areas of the East and consumer goods could be shipped west. Before 1825, more than 85% of the population of New York State lived in rural villages of less than 3,000 people. With the opening of the Erie Canal, the urban to rural ratio began to change dramatically. Goods and people were transported quickly along the canal - freight sped along the canal at about 55 miles per 24 hour period, but express passenger service moved through at 100 miles per 24 hour period, so a trip from New York City to Buffalo via the Erie Canal would only have taken about four days. Expansion In 1862, the Erie Canal was widened to 70 feet and deepened to 7 feet (2.1 m). Once the tolls on the canal had paid for its construction in 1882, they were eliminated. After the opening of the Erie Canal, additional canals were constructed to connect the Erie Canal to Lake Champlain, Lake Ontario, and the Finger Lakes. The Erie Canal and its neighbors became known as the New York State Canal System. Now, the canals are primarily used for pleasure boating - bike paths, trails, and recreational marinas line the canal today. The development of the railroad in the 19th century and the automobile in the 20th century sealed the fate of the Erie Canal.

Emotional Behavior Disorder Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Emotional Behavior Disorder - Essay Example Scholars keep on identifying biological and genetic reasons behind emotional or behavioral disabilities. For instance, research illustrates that a correlation exist between prenatal drugs and childhood emotional or behavioral disorders. Cefai and Cooper (2010) notes that children who have early drug-related problems have their early childhood history marred with prenatal medications that shaped their emotions. Factors such as mood disorders, depression, and schizophrenia seem to have a genetic origin. The criteria for identification of casual biological factors require parents and those around their children to be observant of the development behaviors of such kids (Grier, 2012). Any deviation in behavior or emotions above the limit needs cautious consideration. Having full knowledge of the possibility of biological factors being part of the cause of emotional or behavioral disorder enables development and use of proper medication to alleviate the condition. Some of the notable biolo gical preventive actions of such emotional disorders include using antidepressants. Additionally, continued research into the field may bring better preventive ways. Grier (2012) reasons that the family and surrounding culture may significantly influence an individual’s behavioral disorder. People live in a social setup where family relations, extended or immediate or community, plays a critical role in their early childhood years. These environmental factors shape a person’s growth and development positively or negatively depending on the type of surrounding. Indeed, emotional problems may be a backlash of long-term adverse experiences such family as child abuse, poverty, neglect, unrealistic rules and parental stress. Poverty in a family and punitive parental disciplinary measures may cause a behavioral disorder (Scanlon & Barnes-Holmes, 2013). Possible criteria for identifying its causes involves looking at the family status of a child then linking it to his

Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior of the Consumers of Dissertation

Factors Influencing Online Shopping Behavior of the Consumers of Thailand - Dissertation Example This research will begin with the statement that in the modern era of rapid globalization and advancement of technology, the firms all around the world are facing a tremendous competition in the domain of attracting the different markets, to be specific, attracting the customers. Every firm is thriving by the usage of various channels which helps them to reach their target customers. Today the entire world has become a local market place and the entire population of the world has become the target market for the marketers. The increased application of technology has made the task easier for both the customers and the marketers. The recent trend of using internet for the purpose of shopping is gaining popularity all across the world. The topic we are dealing with is the behavior of the shoppers in Thailand with respect to online shopping. The previous studies on this topic shows that online shopping have been already recognized as a popular trend among the customers of UK however itâ €™s yet to gain heights of popularity in developing countries like Thailand. The study conducted by the Thai National Electronics and Computer Technology Centre (NECTEC) reveals that the total number of shoppers in Thailand includes almost 23.6% internet shoppers. Also their online shopping decision is influenced greatly by their friends, family and colleagues. Thus its evident from previous studies that online shopping is already a familiar term in Thailand.

Hamburger Universities Essay Example for Free

Hamburger Universities Essay As of today, we have seven Hamburger Universities (HUs) around the world. They are state of the art training centers for restaurant employees and corporate staff. Since its inception, Hamburger University training has emphasized consistent restaurant operations procedures, service, quality and cleanliness. The curriculum is comprehensive, thought-provoking and the perfect foundation for building a successful career. The fact that our Oak Brook Campus Hamburger University is the only restaurant company training academy awarded  college credit recommendations by the American Council on Education (ACE) is indicative of the value Hamburger Universities bring to our system and our employees. ACE recommendations mean that credits earned at Hamburger University can be applied toward a college degree. 100% of the restaurant manager and mid-management curricula are eligible for a total of up to 46 credits – approximately two years of full-time college study. Over the years, McDonald’s Malaysia sent its Restaurant Managers to Hamburger  Universities located in the United States, Australia and Korea. In mid-2006, we officially launched the McDonald’s Leadership Institute, a virtual learning community with guidance and resources to support and develop employee leadership and talent. It gives McDonald’s leaders opportunities to grow and develop through structured learning with other leaders, to participate in challenging development experiences and to access a wide variety of development tools and best practices resources. The Leadership Institute helps them develop critical leadership skills needed to address major short and long-term business challenges that are affecting the corporation. Under the auspices of the Institute, accelerated leadership development programs for high-potential directors and officers are offered annually across all areas of the world. As the end of 2007, 184 employees from 43 countries had participated with more than 40% of those who graduated receiving promotions.

Narrative Strategy in Hurstons Sweat :: Hurston Sweat Essays

Narrative Strategy in Hurston's Sweat The narrative strategy and point of view in Zora Neale Hurston's "Sweat" mold the reader's understanding of the story. They craft the personalities of both Delia and Sykes as well as developing their relationship. The choice of a third person omniscient narrator charges the story with more brutal honesty than would any other type of narration. The scene where the village men discuss Sykes and Delia holds relevance as a narrative tool and explores an alternative point of view to the narrator. The narrator draws the character sketches of both Sykes and Delia. Hurston lets us see their thoughts that allow her to develop their personalities rapidly and thoroughly. In a story of roughly only seven and a half pages Hurston manages to create vivid and complex characters. Much of this can be credited to her choice of narration. Long passages of narration mixed with the dialogue design a relationship fed on pain: " She lay awake, gazing upon the debris that cluttered their matrimonial trail. Not an image left standing along the way. Anything like flowers had long ago been drowned in the salty stream that had been pressed from her heart. Her tears, her sweat, her blood" (1675). Since the thoughts of Sykes and Delia are so different, a series of contrasts develops their relationship and personalities. Hurston's choice of narrator lends believability to the entire story and makes Delia's plight more extreme. If Delia were the one telling the story things would be quite different. The reader would not give her version of the story the same credibility he gives that of an outside narrator. It also makes the reader more sympathetic for Delia. A combination of what Delia feels and what Sykes does to her leads the reader to feel sympathetically towards her. This can be clearly seen with the addition of Bertha--the other woman in Sykes life. "Too late now to hope for love, even if it were not Bertha it would be someone else " (1675). What happens to her seems truthful and real which directs the reader's expected reaction to the story. The scene where the men of the town discuss Delia and Sykes rounds the view of the characters. In this passage perhaps the most significant lines in the story can be found: "There's plenty men dat takes a wife lak dey do a joint uh sugarcane.

Benefits of having consistency throughout organisation Essay

There are many benefits of having consistency throughout any organisation, whether it is in the workplace or in customer interactions. Meeting demands consistently requires the attention of top leadership and it is becoming an increasingly important factor in various industries (Pulido, Stone and Strevel, 2014). This brief will highlight the advantages of having consistency throughout ‘Prestige Worldwide’ and how we can adopt it. Consistency is the key to making customers happy, which is the aim of this organisation. In order to provide maximum customer satisfaction, the customers must have a consistent ‘customer journey’, i.e. the cumulative experience of interactions that a customer has with a company (Pulido et al, 2014). Research by McKinsey & Company (2014) suggested that evaluating the customer journey is 30% more predictive of overall customer satisfaction than individual touch points, which makes increasing customer satisfaction easier to do. Even more importantly, Hallowell (1996) found that improved satisfaction leads to increased customer loyalty. Loyal customers are likely to retain our service and recommend our service to others, thus increasing our customer base and generating more business. McKinsey & Company found that consistency improves customer satisfaction by 20%, lifts revenue by 15%, and lowers the cost of serving customers by 20%. There is also a correlation between overall customer satisfaction and journey experience consistency, as shown in the graph to the right (Pulido et al, 2014). Research has highlighted many advantages and no notable disadvantages; hence this issue is something Prestige Worldwide should consider as part of its management strategy. McKinsey & Company lists three aspects that must be consistent which we should target; 1. Customer journey consistency: Customers interact with different branches of our organisation throughout their customer journey, and it is important for their interactions to be consistently exceptional. This is harder to maintain in a large corporation, but because we are relatively small it will be easy to adopt. 2. Emotional consistency: Customer satisfaction and loyalty are heavily influenced by emotions encompassed in a feeling of trust (Beard, 2014), meaning that consistency is important to forge a relationship of trust with customers, which is important for long term growth. We must strive to be a company that customers comfortable with and trust. 3. Communication consistency: It is important to make and meet promises, and equally important to highlight the delivery of these promises. Our marketing communications should focus on the delivery of promises, because that will influence customer perception and enable us to generate a reservoir of goodwill and first-rate reputation. Slogans are commonly based on customer satisfaction, with an example being â€Å"Satisfaction guaranteed† by Wal-Mart, and Prestige Worldwide should follow this process (Henard, Szymanski, 2001). Concluding the consistency for Prestige Worldwide, it is recommended that we implement it into our business. A suitable plan of action would be to adopt a journey-based approach with customer interactions by making their transitions between departments more seamless while tracking progress, fix areas where negative experiences are common due to them having 4-5 times more impact than a positive experience, and to do it now (Morris, 2014; Pulido et al, 2014). In order to build intense customer loyalty and reap its benefits, we must be consistent; otherwise our customers may lose confidence in our service. References Beard, R. (2014). Is consistency the secret ingredient to customer satisfaction?. Retrieved from http://blog.clientheartbeat.com/consistency-customer-satisfaction Hallowell, R. (1996). The relationships of customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, and profitability: an empirical study. International journal of service industry management, 7 (4), p. 27-42. Hyken, S (2013). Amaze every customer every time: 52 tools for delivering the most amazing customer service on the planet. Np.: Greenlead Book Group Press. Morris, T. (2014). 3 Tips for Creating a More Consistent Customer Journey | Parature. Retrieved from http://www.parature.com/consistent-customer-journey/ Pulido, A., Strevel, J. and Stone, D. (2014). The three Cs of customer satisfaction: Consistency, consistency, consistency. McKinsey & Company, March. Redbubble. (2014). Prestige Worldwide logo.[Image] Retrieved March 24,2014, from http://ih0.redbubble.net/image.13336929.5818/sticker,375Ãâ€"360.u1.png Pulido, A. and Strevel, J. and Stone, D. (2014). Customer satisfaction survey: Who’s up and who’s down. [Image] Retrieved March 24, 2014 from http://mckinseyonmarketingandsales.com/customer-satisfaction-survey-whos-up-and-whos-down Szymanski, D. M. and Henard, D. H. (2001). Customer satisfaction: a meta-analysis of the empirical evidence. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 29 (1), pp. 16-35.

My Life Goals

Pete Blankenship Mr. Letz English 101 25 September 2012 My Life Goals I’m eighteen years old and my birthday is on February 23, 1994. My name is Thomas Earl Blankenship IV, but I go by Pete. I am from Mobile, Alabama and I live on Dog River. I played soccer, basketball, and ran cross country in high school. Soccer is my favorite sport and the team I was on in high school won the state championship twice, and I got named MVP the past two seasons. I have two little brothers Murray(17) and Jack(14). I also have an older sister Katherine(24). Being the oldest boy in the family is challenging sometimes but its a responsibility that I love to have.I attended a military high school called UMS-Wright, and their code of conduct was very strict. My life love is music and my ultimate dream is to become a music producer in Nashville, Tennessee. My goals on a short term scale for this semester are primarily academic, emotional, spiritual, and personal/professional. By the end of this semes ter I will have accumulated a g. p. a. of a 3. 5 or higher. To do this I will have to give up nights with friends and partying, but I believe it will all be worth it. I want to have a fantastic resume academically. My personality and work ethic are what I think will gain me the career choice that i desire.Another goal I will have achieved by the end of the semester is to find a group of people that I can play music with and practice my recording abilities with. I want to do this because music is the love of my life and without it I think I would be depressed. It’s too soon to tell if life without music effects me emotionally or spiritually because it has only been a few weeks in college, but it has been something that will always cheer me up in bad times and relieves stress when I am feeling overwhelmed. I want to find people to play with to achieve my personal goal of becoming a music producer in Nashville.A goal on a spiritual level is to grow stronger in my faith with Chri st. I have always been a relatively religious person, but I have noticed that when I am not being made by my parents to say my prayers and go to church it is much harder to do so. After coming to the realization that a relationship with Christ is something that I believe I need to be truly happy, I have a set a goal to go to my fraternities bible study every week and to begin going to Campus Crusade. By the end of the year my goals are to finish the year with a minimum 3. 5 G. P. A. to have a house reserved and have selected roommates that I believe will better me as a person, to have achieved at least 80 hours of community service, and to be playing with a band for money. I need to finish with a great G. P. A. because grades are important to me and are a small symbol of your work ethic, so that my resume looks well enough to get the interviews and opportunities that I desire. I want to have 80 service hours to have an outstanding and philanthropic resume. I also want to be a lot mo re frugal with my money and begin playing gigs for money to earn an income and become more responsible.I also want to have accepted and be on the way to an internship in Nashville, Tennessee that I was offered last summer. These final goals I hope to be completed by the time I am 45 years old. I will have a small family in Mobile, Alabama. I will own a recording studio out of Nashville, Tennessee that I can manage from Mobile. I will be able to do this because most music production can be done online and sent through the internet through email. I will also be a millionaire by this point through smart stock investments. I will be known as a man of character and integrity, through honest business transactions and kind actions.I will be a spiritual leader in my family and my community. I will achieve this reputation through a strong group of Christian people to keep me accountable for my actions. My life goals are very important to me now that I am in college. I feel much more obligate d to continue trying my best and staying responsible. Now that there is added pressure to be my best and school is not just school now, it’s training for a career. I will do my best to accomplish my short term goals and continue to gain ground on my ultimate goal of owning a recording studio and achieving happiness through my walk with Christ and providing for my family.

The Definition of Transcendentalist

The Definition of Transcendentalist A Transcendentalist was a follower of an American philosophical movement known as Transcendentalism which emphasized the importance of the individual and was a break from more formalized religions. Transcendentalism flourished from roughly the mid-1830s to the 1860s, and was often viewed as a move toward the spiritual, and thus a break from the increasing materialism of American society at the time. The leading figure of Transcendentalism was the writer and public speaker Ralph Waldo Emerson, who had been a Unitarian minister. The publication of Emerson’s classic essay â€Å"Nature† in September 1836 is often cited as a pivotal event, as the essay expressed some of the central ideas of Transcendentalism. Other figures associated with Transcendentalism include Henry David Thoreau, author of Walden, and Margaret Fuller, an early feminist writer and editor. Transcendentalism was and is difficult to categorize, as it could be viewed as a: Spiritual movementPhilosophical movementLiterary movement Emerson himself provided a fairly open definition in his 1842 essay â€Å"The Transcendentalist†: The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual doctrine. He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind to new influx of light and power; he believes in inspiration, and in ecstasy. He wishes that the spiritual principle should be suffered to demonstrate itself to the end, in all possible applications to the state of man, without the admission of anything unspiritual; that is, anything positive, dogmatic, personal. Thus, the spiritual measure of inspiration is the depth of the thought, and never, who said it? And so he resists all attempts to palm other rules and measures on the spirit than its own. Also Known As: New England Transcendentalists

How to Organize An Effective Email Marketing Strategy (Template)

How to Organize An Effective Email Marketing Strategy (Template) Managing email marketing successfully isnt easy especially when you have multiple email initiatives going at once. The value of email marketing is undeniable, so its not surprising that many departments within your organization want to leverage the platform. This results in lots of moving pieces to consider and many stakeholders to please. It also increases the chances of accidentally sending multiple emails to the same person in one day. (Speaking from personal experience the fallout of this isnt pretty.) Here are just a few pieces of the puzzle you have to consider Managing your ever-growing subscriber list. Overseeing the design and copy of every email. Scheduling delivery times. A/B testing. Analyzing results. Thats just scratching the surface. One thing is clear, if youre going to be successful at email marketing, you need a well-planned marketing strategy in place. One that clearly establishes goals, and lays out the roadmap to achieve them. Something that can guide your team toward success. And thats exactly what youll get from this post. Heres how to plan your entire #email #marketing strategy via @Download Your Email Marketing Strategy Template Before you continue reading, download your email marketing strategy template. This easy to use PowerPoint will help you document your plan and give the rest of your email team something to refer back to when they have questions. If you're new to , it's the only marketing suite to manage every facet of your marketing. It even integrates with popular email marketing services giving you the ultimate visibility into your email strategy, so you'll never send multiple emails to the same person in one day again. With Email Marketing from , you can: Seamlessly integrate with your favorite email marketing platform. Email platforms are powerful, and you've grown to know and love yours, so why give it up? integrates with many preferred platforms so your email marketing is no longer disjointed from the rest of your marketing initiatives. Write click-worthy email subject lines...every time. ’s awesome Email Subject Line Tester is built right in so you can optimize and perfect every subject line to drive more  opens, more  clicks, and more conversions. Get full visibility into your ENTIRE  marketing strategy. Disjointed marketing content (and constantly jumping from screen to screen) is the worst. With Email Marketing from , all your email campaigns live on your single marketing calendar, giving you ultimate visibility into your marketing strategy and individual initiatives. Create Your Own Email Marketing Strategy in 11 Steps Creating an email marketing strategy doesn’t have to be complicated. The following eleven steps will help you plan your work and work your plan in no time. Table of Contents: Choose Your Email Marketing Tools Identify Your Target Audience Choose List-Building Tactics Create Your Email List Segments Create Email Sending Schedule Define Your Email Marketing Goals Decide Which Types of Emails to Send Formatting Your Email Content How To Optimize Your Emails What A/B Tests Will You Run Reporting Step One: Choose Your Tools Finding the right tools is the first step in your strategy. A lot of these platforms are super powerful and can help you organize and send your emails at the drop of a hat. Email Marketing Tools Some common email marketing tools that you might consider using are: MailChimp Campaign Monitor Constant Contact ActiveCampaign This is a shortlist in a sea of other email tools you could use. Find the tool that fits your team based on what you want to accomplish with your email marketing. Recommended Reading The Best Free Email Marketing Software Tools You Should Use Marketing Automation Tools You might not want to stop at a simple email marketing tool. You may also consider adding a marketing automation tool to your list. Marketing automation makes it easy for you to follow up with customers and send the right email at the right time to subscribers based on how they are interacting with your website. Some email marketing platforms have basic marketing automation features built-in like the option to send birthday email messages automatically, etc. It's worth taking some time to figure out the depths of marketing automation you need and your bandwidth for maintaining automation initiatives. These activities can take a big chunk of time to manage. Potential automation tools to add to your list are: Autopilot:  Autopilot makes it easy to plan out journeys and triggers that send your subscribers emails based on how they interact with your website. Userfox:  Userfox is a small email-focused automation tool that sends emails to subscribers based on events that you put into the system. Userfox was bought by the Adroll Group in 2014. HubSpot:  Hubspot doesn’t have as much email automation functionality as the other two on this list, but it is suited for companies who want to control multiple aspects from one tool. Marketo:  Is a powerful marketing automation tool that is most suitable for enterprise-level marketers. Pardot:  Is a full solution that helps marketers create meaningful connections, generate more pipeline, and empower sales to close more deals. The marketing automation option fits will if you use Salesforce as your CRM. Once you have your tools, add them to the first slide in your email marketing strategy template: Action Items: Research email marketing tools. Compare which ones will work best for your marketing team. Add them to your strategy template.Step Two: Identify Your Target Audience Once you have your tools selected you to need to focus on building your email subscriber list. The first step to build your email list is to identify your target audience. As a refresher: Your target audience is the ideal customer you want to attract to your product or service through your marketing efforts. So how can you find your target audience? First, answer the following questions: Who are our current best customers? What qualities do they have in common? What problem are they experiencing that has our customers search for a solution like our product or service? Why did they purchase our product or service? What did we provide for our customers that our competition didn’t? Is your email marketing strategy focused on your target audience?Using those answers format, your target audience statement with the following template: {Insert your company} creates content to attract {insert target audience} so they can {insert desired outcome} better. Record your target audience demographics and statement in your template. Recommended Reading: How To Find Your Target Audience With A Marketing Persona Step Three: Create Tactics To Use To Get Your Audience To Opt-In To Your Email List Now that you know who your target audience is you can begin to brainstorm tactics that will attract them and convince them to sign up and join your email list. Here are just a few ideas to get you started. Give Them Something Valuable In Return One of the most common ways to get your audience to join your email subscriber list is to gate content upgrades behind an opt-in form. What is valuable to your customers? A downloadable template or ebook that shows them how to solve a problem or answer a question they might be having. If you gate something that doesn’t provide something of value you might end up losing that subscriber. Recommended Reading: Conquer Your Inbound Marketing Strategy with this Process (+ 4 Templates) Go For The Direct Ask Another way to gain subscribers is to go for the direct ask. Explain to them why they should opt into your email list and entice them with personalized information like this pop up from Fargo 3D Printing. Gathering information like this will also help you segment your list. (More on that in a bit): Here's another pop-up example from Nanit encouraging visitors to signup for their newsletter. The company asks for the ages of the visitor's children, which would indicate the company does some segmenting based on developmental stages of the child's age. Use the Header And Footer of Your Website Another place you can put an email opt-in button is on your website’s header and footer. Why not meet your audience halfway and make it easy to remind them that they can get more information about your products by joining your email list? Take a look at this example from Ulta: Here's another example from Michael Hyatt: And another from British Clothing Company, Boohoo. How To Segment Your Email List We mentioned earlier in this section that you can segment your email list. What does that mean and how can that help you? Here's a quick and dirty email segmentation definition: The process of grouping like individuals on an email list based on their behavior or characteristics to send specifically targeted emails that address that particular group of users needs or problems. You can just blast out your emails to everyone on your list and hope that it resonates with someone and convince them to convert. However, in today’s day in age, we can use data and information to go further and serve content to the right people at the right time to help guide them through your marketing funnel. In fact, segmenting your list can have a positive effect on your email list. MailChimp conducted an internal study  and found that segmented campaigns had: 14.31% higher open rates. 100.95% more clicks. 9.37% lower unsubscribe rates than their non-segmented campaigns. You can segment your list  based on a variety of things, including: Company size. Location. Activity on your website. How long they’ve been on your email list. In order to accurately segment your list, you need to gather this data about your customers when they first sign up. So add options for subscribers to choose from before they complete their sign up. List potential ways your team will try and grow your email list in your template as well as your email list segments. Action Items: Brainstorm email list growth strategies. Record strategies in your template. Update strategies every three months based on what’s working well and what isn’t. List out what criteria you will segment your list by. Step Four: Choose the Types of Emails to Send There are many different types of email that you can send to your list. You can choose one or change it up based on the various segments you have in your list. Here are three different types of emails to get started with. Newsletters Newsletters are a popular email format. They come to your subscriber’s inbox at the same time at recurring intervals. They allow you to show them a variety of content and information your subscribers might have missed if they haven’t visited your website lately. According to Hubspot,  successful email newsletters contain 90% educational content and 10% product or promotional content. The same post from Hubspot says newsletters should contain a single theme or idea. That way you can prevent yourself from randomly throwing content into your newsletter just to get it out there. You might even send out different newsletters on different topics based on who you’re sending each newsletter to on your list. So what does an excellent newsletter look like? Take this example from The Skimm: Photo from Hubspot The Skimm newsletter  is specific in the fact that it rounds up the latest news from the day before and quickly summarizes it for readers. It provides the benefit of not having to read long news stories and allows subscribers to quickly catch up on the news from the day before.

HRM, Leadership Learning and Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

HRM, Leadership Learning and Development - Essay Example The typical procedure involves presentation of a neutral stimulus along with a stimulus of some significance (unconditional stimulus). The neutral stimulus (also known as conditional stimulus) can produce the same behavioural response as the stimulus of some significance. This response was called conditional response (Pavlov, 1927). The speed and strength of this conditional response is directly proportional to the predictive value of the conditional stimulus relative to the unconditional stimulus (Rescorla and Wagner, 1972). Pavlov’s theories are among the few models from psychology which have permeated popular culture. Despite some shortcomings, the theory continues to receive a good deal of respectful consideration in academia as well (Bitterman, 2005). The implications from the theory are also exploited in media and advertising (Allen, 1989). Pavlov’s unconscious conditioning does not produce new behaviour, but recreates the reflexive behaviour in the presence of ne w stimuli. The implications for workplace can be significant. The conditional stimulus couple with unconditional stimulus can produce the desired emotional behaviour (Merle, 2001). For example, an executive can convey a good news in person and the bad news can be delivered through an impersonal email. Thus, as interactions with the manager or leader are associated with good news and the employees can look forward to follow his lead. 2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Pavlov's unconscious conditioning in enabling learning The relationship between a conditional stimulus and conditional response is not fixed but is influenced by a number of external variables. Thus, the process for associating conditional stimulation with conditional response is not often reduced to a neat mathematical model. In most cases, practitioners have to rely on a more intuitive approach to pair a stimulus with a response. If the pairing of conditional stimulus and conditional response is weakened then the res ponse may diminish with time (Heth, 2009). Here again, managers have to rely on an intuitive approach to sense that the desired response is diminishing. To extend the example mentioned before, a manager will no longer be associated with good news, if he mismanages a couple of projects (even though he continues to distribute all the bad news through impersonal memos). Often, a novel stimulus similar to the conditional stimulus can elicit the same response as the conditional stimulus and the phenomenon is termed as respondent stimulus generalization (). The greater the physical similarity between novel stimulus and conditional stimulus more is the likelihood of a similar response (Merle, 2001). For instance an employee, who was injured by a drill machine, may develop an aversion to other machine tools as well. 3.1 Skinnerian conditioning Skinner (1938) demonstrated that rats kept hungry can be trained to press levers on a wall, when the action of pressing the levers produces food item s (reinforcements). The functional equivalent of food in workplace is rewards or incentives. It is generally well accepted that incentives can produce desired behaviour. But the Skinnerian conditioning theories give us further insights on the subject. For instance, the schedule of reinforcement has a significant bearing on the pattern of behaviour produced

Theories and idiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theories and idiology - Essay Example An individual, a group, nation or state might believe in theory or ideology because of many reasons such as injustice, or any form discrimination practiced against them. It also might be the economic situation that helped this theory or ideology to be espoused. Another reason is the greed of colonialism from one state to another practiced by a leader or dictator such as Hitler. This essay ‎will be discussing three of the most popular ideologies, which are feminism, nationalism and globalism. In addition, a review and examination of each of the theories’ core ideas and its primary variations will be done. A comparison of those core ideas across the three theories and ideologies will be provided. It will go in depth to discover any commonalities or sharp distinctions between the theories. Feminism is one of the controversial theories among feminists or non-feminist. From the non-feminist perspective that women are humans as men and the declaration of human rights ensures all rights for both parties. On the other hand, feminists do not agree with that and ask for rights that were not given to them. Females do not look at themselves as sex objects, rather they recognize their gender dynamics and what they want to consider as their choice and as what they can do to their societies. Feminists want to free women from the dominance of masculine systems. They are not equal, even with the language, for instance, Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence and wrote, â€Å"All men are created equal,† (Sargent, 166). Another example of the language used by system For example, â€Å"a female first-year university student is called a freshman. Why? Not long ago women could not attend the universities, and the term implies that. Of course, language use change s, and most people now use freshman to refer to both male and female first-year students; but the word is a relic of past sexual discrimination† (Sargent, 166). More than

Customer Service Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Customer Service Plan - Essay Example Internal Customers: Owner/CEO: He wants the event to be a success from all aspects and also wants maximum sponsorship deals. Employee Teams (Internal): Sponsorship team: They want to sign maximum fruitful sponsorship deals. Operations team: They want proper coordination between the designers, models, technical staff, auditorium authority, etc. Hospitality team: There motto is to take care of designers, models, guests, sponsors and to look after them in an coordinated manner along with the other two teams. Temporary staff: They might be present if need be, to help in any activity, the teams tell them to perform. External Customers: Designer: They want their designs to be showcased in the best possible manner; they would demand the best infrastructural support for the show. Sponsors: They would want high return from the sponsorship amount they have spent and would demand the broadest mileage for their Brand. Guests: Would want to be taken care of with respect and proper concern. Current innovations: Customer service can play a key role in any industry in today's day and age, especially when differentiation in product offering has almost become commoditised. It is only out of the box 'customer service' that can add value to your business. In the context of event management customer service garners an extra connotation of importance, as event management deals with people and their expectations of a superior event experience from the company. Innovative customer service starts from proper planning about all the resources and also predicting the moot points along with possible areas of failure and taking care of them beforehand along with having contingency supporting...The event will take place on 5th June 2009, at TAFE Sydney Institute, Ultimo. The night would commence with a cocktail party and live entertainment. More than 150 guests will be invited, amongst those will be guests connected with the fashion industry. The event is a unique opportunity for the young designers as well as for the sponsors to connect with the fashion industry and its insiders. Customer service can play a key role in any industry in today's day and age, especially when differentiation in product offering has almost become commoditised. It is only out of the box 'customer service' that can add value to your business. In the context of event management customer service garners an extra connotation of importance, as event management deals with people and their expectations of a superior event experience from the company. Innovative customer service starts from proper planning about all the resources and also predicting the moot points along with possible areas of failure and taking care of them beforehand along with having contingency supporting plans with adequate resources. Communication with the customer and logical assumption of the key necessities in terms of resources are key to its success. When all these come together in perfect synchronization, customers are satisfied and there are possibilities of retaining them or gaining more business opportunities arise.

Global Warming And Its Many Ramifications Essay Example for Free

Global Warming And Its Many Ramifications Essay The U. S. Environmental Protection Agency (U. S. EPA) supports all ordinances involving environmental protection and the abatement of natural resources degradation. These laws aim to restrict people from abusing the environment and destroying the natural habitats of numerous species. The CATO Institute in Washington believes that the government is not doing enough in terms of environmental protection. The institute emphasizes that government intervention needs to exert more effort in pursuing environmental preservation. The government is essential in pursuing this goal since this endeavor requires a huge amount of monetary and human resources and may not be achieved by a small number of people only (439-440). With the population continually increasing, natural resources are quickly dwindling, and with the loss of natural habitat, the flora and fauna also perish. Currently, the government pursues strategies that aim to protect the plants and animals affected by heightened human development. Better laws and ordinances need to be passed for the government to effectively preserve the ecosystem. If not, the world risks the possibility of humans satisfying only their own needs and satisfaction, without thinking of the long-term effects of development (U. S. EPA) Crucial Environmental Issues The emergence of numerous environmental issues, including the extinction of several plants and animals as well as changes in weather patterns, caused the government to implement restrictions on the activities of man affecting the environment. However, despite the efforts on the part of the government, environmental problems still occur. According to the U. S. EPA, fragmented tactics are not expected to be effective in protecting the environment as only the obvious problems are being undertaken, while the complex and less obvious environmental issues still remain. The U. S. EPA believes that it is important for the government to change the fundamentals of environmental policies. More restrictions need to be incorporated whenever development is envisioned. This is because with the current rate of development, plants and animals are in danger of not continuing to live in their natural habitats. Population explosion depletes the natural resources, which include plants and animals, which humans consume for their survival. In addition, human settlements also destroy the natural habitats of numerous species. Howard M. Singletary, Director of Plant Industry of the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, believes that biological diversity is essential in environmental protection (Evaluate the Social). Conserving biological diversity involves the protection of the entire ecosystem. Humans may see themselves as important or more important than the plants and animals that get destroyed as a result of increased population, but it should be noted that the environmental issues that man is facing at the present time are due to the absence of preventive planning. The short-term economic and monetary gains have frequently been treated as more important than the ecosystem. Yet, the destruction of plants and animals as well as their habitat contribute much in global warming and extreme weather situations. (Evaluate the Social). Humanity needs to see the impact of overdevelopment. People also need to realize that they need to invest and sacrifice certain conveniences and luxuries in order to achieve long-term environmental goals. The scientific community and several advocacy groups are supporting government efforts to preserve the environment. The global movement is for the greater good and is based on the fact the earth and everything in it is not owned by a single individual, group or corporation. The scale of the human economy is now such that the wilderness areas that sustain much of the world’s remaining biological diversity are shrinking fast. The rates of wildlife habitat takeover and of species extinctions are the fastest they have ever been in recorded history, and they are accelerating. Tropical forests, the world’s richest species habitats, have already been 55 percent destroyed, and the current rate exceeds 168,000 square kilometers per year. (Evaluate the Social). Stabilizing populations Stabilizing population is more important in industrial countries than in developing countries, since the former overconsume and hence overpollute and are thereby responsible for the greatest increase in the impact of human activities on the already overtaxed environment. The richest 20 percent of the world consume over 70 percent of the world’s commercial energy. Thirteen countries have already reached a fertility rate required in order to achieve zero population growth, so it is not utopian to expect others to follow. The population growth-rate of developing countries of course must also be reduced dramatically. Their population is now 77 percent of the world’s total, and they are responsible for 90 percent of the world’s annual population growth. (Evaluate the Social). The poor must be helped and will justifiably demand to reach at least minimally acceptable living standards by obtaining access to the remaining natural resource base. When industrial nations switch from input growth to qualitative development, more resources and environmental functions will be available for the poor in the South. Scientists observe that as the planet warms up, a great deal of ice and snow near the poles will probably start to melt. That will expose dark tundra and dark seas. That will warm things up – like painting a white roof black. The darker the terrain gets, the warmer those parts of the world will get. More snow will melt there, making the terrain even hotter. All these explanations fill more than thirty pages of rather small print in the Philosophical Magazines, and every one of the calculations had to be solved by hand. To make a greenhouse forecast, experts now build what amounts to a working scales model of the Earth inside a supercomputer. They start with a blank globe, divided into a grid like the grid of latitude and longitude. Typically each box in the grid covers several hundred miles on a side. These boxes are stacked from the surface of the planet high into the atmosphere – a dozen layers of giant boxes of air. Public concern over environmental policy was minimal until the end of the nineteenth century. As the United States expanded westward, the horizon seemed to present an unlimited supply of land, water, mineral deposits and timber. Farming techniques reflected little concern for minimizing soil depletion. Forests were cleared without concern for reforestation or the devastation of soil erosion. Minerals were mined and metals smelted without concern for their effects on fresh-water supplies; when contamination did result, it seemed a minor problem, because alternative sources of water seemed endless. (Royan, 2001). Despite a history of conservation policies, fundamental concerns over environmental protection were still absent from the policy agenda as late as the 1950s. The publication of Silent Spring in 1962 drew attention to the dangers of pesticides such as DDT, in the food chain. The sense of social responsibility that emerged in the 1960s also moved environmental policy from the background to the forefront of the policy agenda. Energy made it to the headlines once again in the year 2000; a shocking power crisis hit the state of California (Royan, 2001). Companies had realized once more that the horrors brought about by serious energy problems over the past three decades had not gone away. The California electricity crisis could potentially fan out towards other states; not only impact would it impact the profitability of a company, but could certainly put many out of business. As the new century fast approaches, the world has slowly realized the synergy between energy conservation and global economic competitiveness. Energy conservation entails the elimination of wastes through the improvement of industrial facilities and processes. Energy conservation also implies environment preservation through pollution prevention, and mitigating the trends toward global warming. Global competitiveness goes hand in hand with energy conservation, and many industrial firms from all over the world have realized that. Worldwide energy consumption in recent years has continued to escalate not only in developed countries but also in developing countries, primarily as a result of rapid industrialization and improvement in the standard of living. In a recent survey conducted by the Association of Energy Engineers, about 22 percent among those surveyed claimed to have reduced accumulated costs by $5 million or more by implementing energy conservation strategies (Cornforth, 1992). The potential for additional savings is still great. Thirty-six percent among those surveyed indicated that further savings that amount to over 10 percent are possible. Thus, investment in protocols that promote energy conservation has proven to be effective in saving costs by reducing waste materials resulting from industrial processes. As the next century approaches, the economic world has gradually come to realize that energy conservation offers the most profitable competitive advantage. Marked improvements in the efficiency of industrial processes or facilities to save fuel consumption reduce wastage. HiTAC has been a significant energy conservation development in recent years, and is now applied to industrial furnaces in many factories worldwide. A positive consequence of saving energy is minimizing greenhouse gas emissions that cause global warming. Because of the increased efficiency in combustion using HiTAC, nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide-byproducts of incomplete burning, are reduced. Therefore, HiTAC saves on operational costs by making fuel consumption more efficient; and consequently, efficient fuel consumption minimizes waste products, among which are greenhouse gases that trigger global warming. (Hotel Sarofim, 1967). Major Changes Taking Place in the US Population and Projected Problems Due to the Climate Changes The US is said to have the highest population of the developed nations, and one of the highest population growth rates at one percent, equivalent to 2. 5 million new Americans every year (Haub). Three national population trends that have been identified in a recent US census are changes in geographic distribution, changes in ethnic composition, and the effect of immigration on population (Haub). With regard to the changing geographic distribution of the population, the population is said to be shifting from the Northeast and Midwest to the South and West, both because of internal migration and immigration from other countries (Haub). With regard to ethic composition, while ethnic minorities are said to comprise 25 percent of the population currently, that percentage will increase to 50 percent in 50 years, with Asians rising in numbers from 7. 1 to 40 million by 2050, and Hispanics rising in numbers to 90 million in 2050, constituting 22 percent of the population (Haub). Immigration, on the other hand, presently accounts for a third of the population increase yearly, and is expected to be a major contributor to population growth in the future (Haub). It naturally follows that the South and West will have to deal with the attendant problems of the shifting geographic distribution in its favor, while the change in ethnic composition can be predicted to contribute its own set of problems. Problems Causing the Decline in the Quality of Life in Cities, Possible Solutions It is said that more than a billion urban dwellers, out of a total of three billion, are located in slum areas, with half living in Asia (Whelan). This is indicative of the mammoth problems of governments with regard to the provision for food (Sustainable Development Networking Program), opportunities for employment, environmental degradation, sanitation, and general quality of living in cities. Another problem causing the decline in quality of life is said to be urban sprawl, whose effects range from over-congestion to pollution (Goodwin). In the US, the states that are the destination of internal and external migration and immigration in the ongoing shift in geographic distribution of the population that will have to deal with these issues. Proposed solutions include the revision of federal laws to limit immigration, the creation of boundaries that will redirect urban growth to places where urban services can be provided, and tighter control on allowable density and housing (Goodwin). There are many environmentalists like Senator Hillary who had been bold about her support on the Supreme Court’s Global Warming Decision. She states that the scientific consensus is that global warming poses a serious threat to human activities (Statement of Senator Hillary Clinton on the Supreme Court†¦2007, par 1). She challenges President Bush to address this pressing global environmental threat as soon as possible. Issues on the Ozone In the discussions on the ozone hole, it is but apt to provide a brief explanation on what exactly is the ozone and how it is formed. The ozone, according to the Centre for Atmospheric Science, â€Å"forms a layer in the stratosphere, thinnest in the tropics (around the equator) and denser towards the poles†. More specifically, â€Å"[O]zone is a toxic, strong reactive compound consisting of three oxygen atoms† (Francois). As explained by the Centre for Atmospheric Science, the ozone is formed â€Å"when ultraviolet [radiation coming from the sun], strikes the stratosphere, dissociating (or splitting) oxygen molecules to atomic oxygen†¦[that] quickly combines with further oxygen molecules to form ozone† More commonly, the ozone is known as the layer that protects human beings and other living things from the harmful rays of the sun, more specifically, the ultraviolet rays-shielding us from being stricken by skin cancer. This common conception of the ozone layer, which provides a good notion of what ozone is, is just one side of the coin. Scientists refer to this more commonly know ozone as the stratospheric ozone (Centre for Atmospheric Science). On the other side of the coin is the tropospheric or the ground level ozone, which is considered as a major health hazard, is a â€Å"major constituent of photochemical smog† (Centre for Atmospheric Science). It is referred to as a pollutant because of its being lethal if inhaled (Newman). Ozone Facts According to the National Resources Defense Council (NRDC), the story of the ozone hole has its roots from the chlorofluorocarbons or CFC’s, â€Å"a family of most commonly used industrial compounds†. CFC’s was invented by Thomas Midgley in 1928 which later on was called as a â€Å"miracle compound† due to its proven useful for man’s convenience (NRDC). Since then, it was effectively â€Å"used in refrigeration systems, air conditioners, aerosols, solvents and in the production of some types of packaging† (Francois). However, decades after the â€Å"miracle compound† was invented and used in many industries and households as effective refrigerants, it was found out that it had caused a serious damage to the environment, more particularly to the ozone layer. It took American scientists Mario Molina and Sherwood Rowland to prove that the â€Å"miracle compound† turned out to be damaging to the environment as they hypothesized in 1974 that CFC’s â€Å"possibly played an active role in the depletion of the ozone layer† (NRDC). This announcement had sparked heated debates not just among scientists but also among policymakers, environmentalists and industry players on the â€Å"whys and wherefores of ozone depletion† (NRDC). It was explained by Newman that CFC’s became harmful to the ozone because of its chlorine make-up and â€Å"it turn[ed] out that CFC’s are an excellent way of introducing chlorine into the ozone layer†. This happens as the ultraviolet radiation coming from the sun strikes CFC’s that go up into the altitude of the ozone layer, this UV radiation breaks down CFC’s and frees chlorine (Newman). After chlorine has been freed, this â€Å"has the potential to destroy large amount of ozone† (Newman). Francois also provides connection of the thinning of the ozone layer to the introduction of large amount of chlorine in the atmosphere through the use of CFC’s. The Centre for Atmospheric Science stated that â€Å"Evidence that human activities affect the ozone layer has been building up over the last 20 years, ever since scientists first suggested that the release of CFC’s into the atmosphere could reduce the amount of ozone over our heads†. But prior to the hole being discovered, the negative effects of the CFC’s were never taken seriously by the majority of the people as they were not convinced on the connection between CFC’s and the depletion of the ozone layer (NRDC). In 1985, a major discovery had brought great alarm to the whole world as it was discovered by Joseph Farman and his colleagues that there was a hole in the ozone layer (Newman [b]). In fact, the severity of the discovered ozone depletion made the English scientist in the Halley Bay station in Antarctica, who discovered the hole, to think that the equipment he used to measure the extent of the hole was broken (NRDC). He sent the equipment back to England to have the equipment repaired but when he tried to measure the depletion again, his initial finding that the ozone layer had been depleted was confirmed (Francois). Another theoretical attempt, which later on was proven to be correct, was the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† as summarized by the Centre for Atmospheric Science as follows: †¢ â€Å"The polar winter leads to the formation of the polar vortex which isolates the air within it. †¢ â€Å"Cold temperatures form inside the vortex; cold enough for the formation of Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs). As the vortex air is isolated, the cold temperatures and the PSCs persist. †¢ â€Å"Once the PSCs form, heterogeneous reactions take place and convert the inactive chlorine and bromine reservoirs to more active forms of chlorine and bromine. †¢ â€Å"No ozone loss occurs until sunlight returns to the air inside the polar vortex and allows the production of active chlorine and initiates the catalytic ozone destruction cycles. Ozone loss is rapid. The ozone hole currently covers a geographic region a little bigger than Antarctica and extends nearly 10km in altitude in the lower stratosphere. â€Å" Basically, the preceding enumeration of the â€Å"recipe of the ozone loss† is similar to the Heterogeneous Chemistry Theory that proposed chemical reactions occurring within the ozone layer. This also explains why the hole is over Antarctica and not over the other continents. The atmospheric conditions prevailing in Antarctica, which is its having ultra cold temperature, suits the chemical reactions that take place resulting to ozone depletion. Consequences of Depleted Ozone The most common knowledge as to the adverse effects of the depletion of the ozone layer is that it increases the penetration of the ultraviolet radiation resulting to more skin cancer. As Francois puts it, â€Å"[W]hen this protective layer is reduced, it has dramatic consequences on life† such as slower photosynthesis among plants as increased radiation results to less metabolism; destruction of micro-organisms which play a vital role in the food chain; and, the increase in cases of skin cancer. Basically, the depletion of the ozone layer can result to an enormous change in the ecological balance. It is a universal fact, based on the studies and researches that have been made, that a little tip in the ecological balance could result to a mammoth change in our environment that could adversely affect the way people live. The slight increase in temperature can cause destructive floods to countries surrounded by oceans. In the case of the increase in the ozone hole, it can results to unfavorable changes in our environment starting from the destruction of micro-organisms and the instability that it causes to the metabolism of plants responsible to changes in photosynthesis. These changes may not be visible in the present time, which makes many people complacent and insensitive as to their roles in the protection of the ozone layer, but catastrophic results can be felt in the near future.

An Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols Essa

An Investigation into the Enthalpies of the Combustion of Alcohols ================================================================== Planning My aim for this experiment is to see the energy produced from different alcohols. This investigation involves burning alcohol in the air. ‘GCSE Chemistry’ by B.Earl and L.D.R Wilford says that "alcohols form, another homologous series, with the general formula Cn H2n+1OH ". The alcohol reacts with the oxygen in the air to form the products water and carbon dioxide. This reaction is exothermic, as heat is given out. This is because the amount reactant energy is more than the product energy the difference between this is ΆH, therefore some energy has been given out in the form of heat. The energy is given out when forming the bonds between the new water and carbon dioxide molecules. This can be shown in an energy level diagram: Reaction co-ordinate ΆH is the heat content, which is the enthalpy, which is negative in exothermic reactions as the diagram shows that energy is 'lost' as heat. Enthalpy is defined as the energy of reaction, or the heat energy associated with a chemical change. For any reaction carried out directly at a constant pressure, the heat flow is exactly equal to the difference between enthalpy of products and that of the reactants. To measure the heat energy given off, we must use this energy to heat something, this will be water. This is assuming that all the heat produced by combustion of the alcohol will equal the amount of heat absorbed by the water (q). So I will measure the amount of energy required to do so. This can be worked out by using the formula: q = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature rise or q = MCΆH. Where q is the quantity of heat. The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy required to heat the substance, and is calculated using the formula: q =energy supplied/ Mass x Temperature, where q is the enthalpy, c is the specific heat capacity and ΆH is the temperature rise. I chose to use water as it is safe, easily obtainable, and has a constant, reliable specific heat capacity of 4.2J/ °C. The bonds which are made in a exothermic reaction are forces of attraction between the atoms or ions in a substance. These can be of two types: covalent, in which the atoms share electrons. Examples of this are water and carbon dioxide, whi... ...low temperature reading to heat the 100cm3 of water. The procedure of the experiment was good enough of finding out the energy gained from the individual alcohols, but changes could have been made to make the reliability of the results more accurate. This could have been done by using a better and more accurate thermometer, such as an electric thermometer, which have gave me a much more pin point set of results. If I were to do this experiment again I would make a number of improvements or changes, I could use a Bomb Calorimeter which submerges the reaction inside an insulated container of water. An electrical heating device starts the reaction inside a sealed reaction vessel and the temperature rise of the water which surrounds it is measured. Bomb calorimeters are often used to find the calorific value of foods. Looking at the experiment I did I thought we could have extended the results we achieved by using different flame lengths, this would have told us how much the alcohol uses its energy when the flame is increased. I could have also changed the amount of water in the copper calorimeter, or even change the concentration of alcohol to see the effect.

Overview of the life of Andrew Carnegie Essay

Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of Big BusinessHarold C. Livesay said in his book, Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of Big Business, that Carnegie â€Å"was a collection of paradoxes, this man of American steel-violent and peace-loving, ruthless and loyal, greedy and generous, boastful and diffident, vain and doubting, brash and shy†. Andrew Carnegie was a quite normal in his younger years. He was born on November 25, 1835, and grew up in the rural town of Dunfermline, which was located in Scotland. His family was like many other families in Dunfermline. Dunfermline’s livelihood depended on the hand weaving of linen,† (pg 10) so when everything shifted to machine production, nearly 5,500 people lost their jobs. This was known as the Industrial Revolution. The Carnegies were one of those families that were affected by the rise of machines, which replaced workers. His mom tried to help the family income by cobbling and selling her work in a small store she opened in front of their house, but nothing worked out, despite efforts to find a steady job by his dad and mom. People started sailing to America because their â€Å"old home no longer promised anything at all.† (pg 14)Andrew Carnegie got his first job when he got to America. He worked for a local textile mill as a bobbin boy getting paid $1.20 a week. The owner of this mill helped out because he gave preferential treatment to people from Scotland, which was his homeland. During this time, his father â€Å"failed as a man of the world† and â€Å"gave up in defeat and drifted back to the loom.† (pg 21) His next job was for the O’Reilly Telegraph Company. He started off as a mere messenger boy but in time became a full-time telegrapher. He was later advanced to be the superintendent of Pennsylvania’s railroad system. All of these jobs and entrepreneurs suppo rt Livesay’s conclusion that Carnegie was ruthless in his career advances. Andrew Carnegie was constantly trying to make money. Switching from job to job to get more money and later in his life he got into investments. He started off when Tom Scott â€Å"persuaded him to buy ten shares of Adams Express Company stock for $600, lending him the money.† (pg 53) He continued to make investments in different companies, which most of the time resulted in profit. Early in his investment stage, he would borrow money from different people, and turn around and invest all of it. One might agree that this method of investing shows that Carnegie was greedy, thus supporting  Livesay’s remark. Carnegie was one of the major investors in many of the new businesses and franchises, such as the Pennsylvania oil wells. â€Å"Carnegie’s last financial adventure came in July 1872† (pg 79) when he took $6 million in bonds to a bank in Germany and tried to get them to buy the bonds. Carnegie then altered his vigor to a different field, the construction of what was to be known as Carnegie Steel. Created in November 1872, Carnegie Steel manufactured steel rails by means of the new Bessemer method. He credited his success to his skill to be a good employer. He treated his workers right, which they returned with excellence in the workplace. This supports Livesay’s remark that Carnegie was loyal. Carnegie strived to make business deals and other alliances in the steel industry in interest of making his business grow. In 1872, a new furnace was constructed. â€Å"Called the ‘Lucy’ after Tom Carnegie’s wife† (pg 100), which was pushed hard to increase production. This is when Carnegie observed that machine work cost a lot less than manual labor, and he acted accordingly. Later, Carnegie scraped his â€Å"Bessemer converters for more modern equipment, despite the hundreds of thousands of dollars invested in them.† (pg 129) By 1900, Carnegie Steel Company was making one fourth of all the steel in the US. Carnegie had been waiting a long time to sell, and finally, U.S. Steel Corporation was created to buy him out. In 1901 he sold out for $250 million in bonds and retired from business. In the years that followed, be donated the rest of his wealth to charities such as schools, libraries, churches, and other educational and recreational places. Carnegie had given 90% of his total riches to philanthropic groups by the time he â€Å"died peacefully in his sleep on August 11, 1919.† (pg 208) This shows Carnegie’s generosity of which Livesay mentioned. It is stated by Harold C. Livesay’s in his book, Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of Big Business, that Andrew Carnegie â€Å"was a collection of paradoxes, this man of American steel-violent and peace-loving, ruthless and loyal, greedy and generous, boastful and diffident, vain and doubting, brash and shy†. All of these things are true about Andrew Carnegie. From his hard life he and his family had in Scotland to his rise in life, from his low paying job at the textile factory to selling out his own company for $250 million, and  finally the depression that began in 1893 which he responded to with a â€Å"policy of aggressive price cutting† and â€Å"aggressive attention to cost.† (pg 163) Source: Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of Big Business